Fraud and Misrepresentation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1445 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Review Did you like this example? CONTRACTUAL CLAIMS AND REMEDIES 1 Legal Remedies for Fraud or Misrepresentation In a Business Environment Introduction In the business world where deals are struck and broken daily it is important to understand what the requirements are from start to finish, however beyond the fundamental scope to the creation of the original terms contracts agreements there are other underlying principles that must be explored that makes a contract voidable or invalid. This paper will explore the those principles that go beyond the scope of the formation, now you can start getting into the meats and potatoes of a contract agreements and find out what makes a contract invalid, what is involved fraudulent misrepresentation that persuades a person or party to false enter into a contract, what the types of damages there are and the equitable remedies for those damages and lastly the common law doctrines used to dissolve contract claims involving fraud and/or misrepresentation. What constitutes an invalid contract? When there is a situation involving fraud and the facts do not match or are not in accordance with the declaration of the contract, then it is good chance misrepresentation or fraud is involved to trick the person into entering into a contract which by law makes the contract voidable to the innocent party. (Cheeseman, 2013) If this happens the innocent party has the right to cancel the contract, ask for compensation or accept the contract and sue for contract damages. (Cheeseman, 2013) The Business Law states there are four elements of that must be used to prove misrepresentation or fraud has occurred. Those four elements are: Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fraud and Misrepresentation" essay for you Create order The wrongdoer made a false representation of material fact. The wrongdoer intended to deceive the innocent party. The innocent party justifiably relied on the misrepresentation. The innocent party was injured. These four elements are what makes a contract invalid and voidable, whether orally or written and for these assertions to be enforceable as misrepresentation a preexisting or contemporary material fact played an important role in provoking the innocent person or party into a contract. (Cheeseman, 2013) There are several types of fraud that an innocent party could claim if the facts presented in the contract indicate a breach has occurred. The most common types of frauds in which a person or business may encounter involving fraud are the following: Fraud in the inception Fraud in the inducement Fraud by Concealment Silence as Misrepresentation and Innocent misrepresentation Undue influence and duress that can arise in the business context When there is situation when a person or business is incoherent to contractual terms of a contract agreement, but the other party knows about the terms of the contract agreement than according the Business Law defines this as undue influence in à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦which one person takes advantage of another personà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s mental, emotional, or physical weakness and unduly persuades that person to enter into a contractà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Cheeseman, 02/2013, p. 228) In order for a contract agreement to legit, both parties must be mentally, emotionally, and physically coherent and competent to the terms of the contract agreement for it to valid, if not then makes the contract void. (Cheeseman, 2013) In order for undue influence to be proven as stated in the Business Law literature the two underlying factors must exists à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“A fiduciary or confidential relationship must have existed between the partiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Cheeseman, 2013) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The dominant party must have unduly used his or her influence to persuade the servient party to enter into a contract.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Cheeseman, 2013) If a person or party is under duress, or put under pressure to perform or act because they were threatened or coerced into signing a contract, than the courts stipulate the there was no genuine assent to form the contract, as result this interpreted as fraud or misrepresentation, making the contract void, voidable or unenforceable. (Cheeseman, 2013) Types of damages and equitable remedies in contract cases In the case where there is breach of contract, the duty of care in which one party owes a duty to the other for performing an act is categorized into three levels complete, substantial, and inferior. (Cheeseman, 2013) Complete performance, also known as strict performance, occurs when the contracting parties fully execute the terms of contract as expected and required. (Cheeseman, 2013) Contract can be discharged Substantial performance, also known as a minor breach, occurs when the performance by a contracting party slightly deviates from complete performance of the contract. (Cheeseman, 2013) The non breaching party can recover damages Inferior performance, also known as material performance, occurs when a party fails to meet an and uphold to contractual obligations which hinders or destroys the very essence of the contract. (Cheeseman, 2013) Non-breaching party may either rescind the contract or recover restitution Non-breaching party may either affirm the contract or recover damages. Remedies for breach of contract are organized into two categories, monetary and equitable. Monetary damages include compensatory, consequential, liquidated, and nominal Compensatory Damages that compensate a non-breaching party for the loss of a bargain. It places the nonbreaching party in the same position as if the contract had been fully performed. (Cheeseman, 2013) Consequential Damages that compensate a non-breaching party for foreseeable special damages that arise from circumstances outside a contract. The breaching party must have known or should have known that these damages would result from the breach. (Cheeseman, 2013) Nominal Damages awarded against the breaching party even though the non-breaching party has suffered no financial loss because of the breach. A small amount (e.g., $1) is usually awarded. (Cheeseman, 2013) Liquidated An agreement by the parties in advance that sets the amount of damages recoverable in case of breach. These damages are lawful if they do not cause a penalty. (Cheeseman, 2013) Types of damages In the case where a person commits fraud, the innocent party can file a motion for tort liability which they could ask the court for compensatory damages the failure to perform , punitive damages. Some states requires stipulates that an innocent party must choose either between rescinded the contract or sue for the damage. However, some states stipulated that the innocent party can pursues both rescission and damage remedies. An innocent party injured by fraud in a contract for the sale of goods a can choose both rescind and sue for liable damages. Equitable Remedies Equitable remedies are remedies available to the innocent party when there is breach in a contract where legal remedies are not satisfactory to compensation to prevent or dissolve unfair enrichment. Sale contractsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ requiring an owed duty to perform a certain act obligates the parties to conform to the specified terms of the agreement under the Uniform Commercial Code UCC-2-301 and 2A-301. Generally equitable damages include specific performance, reformation, and injunction. (Cheeseman, 2013) Specific performance A court orders the breaching party to perform the acts promised in the contract. The subject matter of the contract must be unique. (Cheeseman, 2013) Reformation A court rewrites a contract to express the partiesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ true intentions. This remedy is usually used to correct clerical errors. (Cheeseman, 2013) Injunction A court prohibits a party from doing a certain act. Injunctions are available in contract actions only in limited circumstances. (Cheeseman, 2013) When those terms are breached the following remedies were instituted for sellor and lessor performance Right to Withhold Delivery Right to Stop Delivery of Goods In Transit Right to Reclaim Goods Right to Dispose Goods Unfinished Goods Right to Recover the Purchase Price or Rent Right to Recover Damages for Breach of Contract Right to Cancel a Contract When those terms are breached the following remedies were instituted for buyer and lessor performance Right to Reject Nonconforming Goods Or Improperly Tendered Goods Right to Recover Goods From And Insolvent Sellor Or Lessor Right to Obtain Specific Performance Right to Replevy Goods Right to Cancel a Contract Right to Recover Damages for No Delivery or Repudiation Right to Recover Damages for Accepted Nonconforming Goods Common Law Doctrine The à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“common law doctrine is a contract law used by everyday people in which a contract or agreement was made that legally bin ds two parties to the agreement. Summary As stated in the Business Law literature, there are three requirements for a contract to exist, an offer, an acceptance of the offer, and consideration, which in this case all three are present. (Cheeseman, 2013) However for the contract to valid and enforceable, it must include an agreement between the two parties, reasonable consideration must given to perform and complete the contract terms, both parties must be mentally aware, knowledgeable capable of the terms of the contract or agreement they are entering from the beginning to the end, and last by law the contract must be legal to do according to federal and state statutes. (Cheeseman, 2013) Bibliography Cheeseman, H. (2013). Business Law (8 ed.). Pearson. Retrieved July 2014

The Russian Revolution And World War I - 1496 Words

The Russian Revolution and World War I Samantha Jones Period 3 19 May 2017 The Russian Revolution, also known as the Bolshevik Revolution, took place in the year 1917. This revolution was the result of many things, though it majorly began as a revolt by the peasant and working classes against the current czar, Nicholas II, and the Russian government. It was when the final czar and his family were killed. This revolution is what led Lenin and the Bolsheviks into power. It was a major contribution to the spread of communism and ultimately in creating the communist country of the Soviet Union. Despite all of the effects the revolution had on Russia, how the country was run, and who controlled the government, it did not†¦show more content†¦Soon, they were joined by military officials and soldiers who refused to shoot the crowds. The czar tried replacing officials in the government, believing that not only would the government approve more of these officials, but that they would be more effective in handling these issues. This ended up failing as th e new officials were objectively worse than the old ones. In the end these attempts led to extreme unrest in Russia, making it very easy for people such as Lenin and the Bolsheviks to come and start the ultimate revolution and take down the current monarchical government. The war brought with it many economic and militaristic issues that ultimately led to the Bolshevik Revolution. The military revolts were a major part of the Russian Revolution, making it very difficult for battles to be won on the Russian front. This meant they made no major moves either beneficial or detrimental to either side of the war. Much of this is to the fault of Czar Nicholas II, as, despite having no prior military experience, he decided to lead the military effort. As mentioned previously, an estimated fifteen and a half million men were drafted from peasant and working class areas. This led to many of them being untrained. When they were sent to war, many had to wait months in barracks just to be trained. Many were trained with broomsticks due to lack of proper weapons and training tools. The lack of guns and other weapons alsoShow MoreRelatedRussian Revolution After World War I Essay708 Words   |  3 Pages For many revolutions people may argue different reasons why that particular revolution was caused, but there often one that is the primary cause. The Russian Revolution began February 1917, many people in Russia lost faith in their government, especially since they had not done so well to begin with when they participated in World War I. Which resulted in a lot of expenses. Others may argue that since Tsar was an unproductive leader and because of the decisions he made when he was in power thatRead MoreEssay on World War I: The Primary Cause of the Russian Revolution1111 Words   |  5 PagesRussias overthrows and shortage caused revolutionary upheaval and massive inflation, which led to deprived infrastructure. During World War I, Russian society naturally caused great dissatisfaction among the serfs. As the revolution wore on, numerous reform and Tsar Nicholas II, a ruler, tried to change Russias social structure and government. Among the masses, there was discontentment with Russ ias social system and living conditions. Laborers worked and lived in horrendous conditions, which playedRead MoreWorld War I: The Primary Cause of the Russian Revolution1065 Words   |  4 Pagesincreasingly difficult to learn the truth about the activities of governments and corporations, about the quality or value of products, or about the health of ones own place and economy† (â€Å"Quotes About Economy†). This, in fact, relates back to the Iranian Revolution. With these caveats in place, the Iranian economy may be designated as: oil-centered, state-ruled, imports-reliant, and stagnant. During 1970, Iran had attained remarkable industrialization and economic modernization based on an import-substitutionRead MoreRed Scare After World War I and the Bolshevik Russian Revolution, Communists, people who supports1200 Words   |  5 PagesRed Scare After World War I and the Bolshevik Russian Revolution, Communists, people who supports or believes in the principles of communism, which is a political theory derived from Karl Marx, supporting class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person is paid according to their abilities and needs, overpowered Russia in 1917. The Americans feared the Communist ideas. The fear increased when millions of American workers went on strike in 1919. The Red ScareRead MoreHow Far Do You Agree World War One Was Mainly Responsible for the 1917 Revolution?1018 Words   |  5 PagesHow far do you agree that world war one was mainly responsible for the 1917 revolution? World war one was one of the main reasons for the breakout of revolution in 1917, however other factors can be brought about to suggest that it wasn’t only the main reason for the breakout of revolution in 1917. Aspects such as the decisions and actions of Tsar Nicholas can also be identified as important features for the breakout of revolution alongside the social and economic strains and the lack of politicalRead MoreThe Major Causes Of The Russian Revolution Of 1917889 Words   |  4 Pages The Russian Revolution of 1917, by definition, was a series of revolts against the Russian Tsar, Nicholas II. The background of the Revolution started with many political groups emerging in the 1800s and 1900s (Marxists, Liberals, Nationalists, and Peasant socialists being the most notable). Then, the Marxists split, forming Lenin and the Bolsheviks. On top of new political groups emerging, a slow in economy, a losing effort in wars, and the â€Å"Bloody Sunday† massacres also cr eated unrest in RussiaRead MoreThe Major Cause Of The Russian Revolution1287 Words   |  6 PagesIn 1917, there were many major world events going on. World War I was under place and had been since 1914. There were civil rights movements in the United States. A worldwide influenza epidemic had broken out. The Chicago White Sox won the world series against the New York Giants. During the year 1917, there was also a major revolution in Russia. The people of Russia split themselves into several political groups, all fighting over how the government should be run. One of these groups was the BolshevikRead MoreDevry Hist410 Midterm Exam729 Words   |  3 PagesAnalyze how imperialism and militarism contributed to the outbreak of World War I. Use historical examples to support your answer. Of the various causes of World War I, which do you think was the most important, and why? Question 2. Question : (TCO 5, 6) Identify and analyze the first two Russian Revolutions of 1917. Use historical examples to support your answer. In what ways did these revolutions radically change Russian society? Question 3. Question : (TCO 5, 11) Compare and contrastRead MoreThe Russian Revolution Of 19171109 Words   |  5 PagesWorld War I was a direct catalyst, though arguably not the sole cause of the Russian Revolution of 1917. Even before the outbreak of war, the Russian population were largely dissatisfied with the government under the Tsarist regime. Though the Great War played a role in sparking the Russian Revolution, with much of the unstable faith in the Tsar collapsing in Military Russia, it would be naà ¯ve to discredit the mounting economic and social pressures that contributed to the fall of the Tsarist RegimeRead MoreThe Revolution Of The 1905 Revolution Essay1494 Words   |  6 PagesSteinberg 25). The Russian people no longer felt safe under the tsar’s rule. With more instances of brutality accumulating on top of one another, the 1905 Revolution was inevitable. Albeit the violent suppression of the 1905 Revolution, in the end it was regarded by revolutionaries as semi-successful. Nicholas II agreed to the institution of the State Duma, a limited form of representative democracy, citing it as â€Å"the revival of a custom and as a means to better hear the voice of the Russian people.† (Khrustalev

Montessori Born On August 31, 31 Years Old At The Age Of 6

Montessori was born on August 31, 1870 in Italy. Her father, Alessandro Montessori, 33 years old at the time, was an official of the Ministry of Finance working in the local state-run tobacco factory. Her mother, Renilde Stoppani, 25 years old, was well educated for the times and was the great-niece of Italian geologist and paleontologist Antonio Stoppani. While she did not have any particular mentor, she was very close to her mother who readily encouraged her. She also had a loving relationship with her father, although he disagreed with her choice to continue her education. Maria Montessori was an Italian physician, educator, and innovator, acclaimed for her educational method that builds on the way children naturally learn. The†¦show more content†¦Montessori moved forward with her intention to study medicine. She appealed to Guido Baccelli, the professor of clinical medicine at the University of Rome, but was strongly discouraged. Nonetheless, in 1890, she enrolled in th e University of Rome in a degree course in natural sciences, passing examinations in botany, zoology, experimental physics, histology, anatomy, and general and organic chemistry, and earning her diploma in 1892. This degree, along with additional studies in Italian and Latin, qualified her for entrance into the medical program at the University in 1893. She was met with hostility and harassment from some medical students and professors because of her gender. Because her attendance of classes with men in the presence of a naked body was deemed inappropriate, she was required to perform her dissections of cadavers alone, after hours. She resorted to smoking tobacco to mask the offensive odor of formaldehyde. Montessori won an academic prize in her first year, and in 1895 secured a position as a hospital assistant, gaining early clinical experience. In her last two years she studied pediatrics and psychiatry, and worked in the pediatric consulting room and emergency service, becoming a n expert in pediatric medicine. Montessori graduated from the University of Rome in 1896 as a doctor of medicine. Her thesis was published in 1897 in the journal Policlinico. She found employment as an assistant at theShow MoreRelatedHistorical Overview of Montessori Method1636 Words   |  7 PagesALPNA KUMAR Section 1, Part 1, Lesson 1 August 8, 2012 Lesson 1: Historical Overview of Montessori Method Write a chronological overview (time line) of Maria Montessori’s life and work. Indicate the life events you feel were most significant in her development of the Montessori Method of education. Describe how Montessori developed her approach. Include the factors occurring at that time in the world that contributed to the method’s popular acceptance. Education being a necessary partRead More Maria Montessori: From Marginal to Mainstream Essay1682 Words   |  7 PagesMaria Montessori: From Marginal to Mainstream Biographical Background When I was at school we had a teacher whose fixed idea was to make us learn the lives of famous women, in order to incite us to imitate them. The exhortation which accompanied the narration was always the same: You too should try to become famous. Would you not like to become famous? Oh no, I replied drily one day, I shall never be that. I care to much for the children of the future to add yet another biography toRead MoreBiography Maria Montessori2366 Words   |  10 PagesBACKGROUND Maria Montessori was born in the town of Chiaravalle, Italy on August 31, 1870. Though most of the information on Marias childhood seems to be uncertain, with disagreeing dates, contradictions and omissions, I found a majority of the information about her childhood in Maria Montessori: A Biography by Rita Kramer (1976). 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One of the most important books to come out this year, and one that will remain pivotal reading for years to come.† Chairman and CEO, salesforce.com; author, Behind the Cloud â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA is the ‘how to’ manual to innovation, and to the fresh thinking that is the root of innovation. It has dozens of simple tricksRead MoreMarketing Management130471 Words   |  522 PagesDBA 1652 Marketing Management UNIT -- I Unit No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Unit Title Marketing management – an introduction Marketing environment Marketing with other functional areas of management Market segmentation Market targeting and positioning Product management Brand management Pricing Channel design and management Retailing and Wholesaling Integrated Marketing Communication Advertising management Sales promotion Personal selling Public

A Brief Note On Rape On College Campuses - 1267 Words

Tiffany Rodriguez Professor Hall-Lee Contemporary Social Problems 8 February 2017 Reaction Paper #1 - Rape on College Campuses In the past year, cases of sexual assault and debate over the definition of consent has been a major topic of discussion in the media. A large amount of these situations are occurring in colleges across the country. Courthouses and the public do not know how to resolve this epidemic or even how to fairly punish those who are guilty of this assault. Even our current president, Donald Trump, has been in the media making derogatory remarks about women and has been accused of rape. Although it is an underreported crime, rape on college campuses have slowly come more and more into the spotlight. It is becoming a major†¦show more content†¦The other piece of what makes a problem a social issue is the subjective concerns around it. Subjective concerns are â€Å"the concern that a significant amount of people (or a number of significant people) have about the objective condition† (Henslin 5). Rape on college campuses has this element because many people are concerned about this problem of boundaries being crossed and so many young adults being sexually violated. In this past year, many people in the media and in their communities have voiced their concerns and have been outraged by the numerous cases that have arisen and the light punishments on some of the attackers. An example of this is the Brock Turner case that made major news. Brock Turner had raped an unconscious woman behind a dumpster after a college fraternity party in January 2015 (Levin). He was eventually charged with assault with intent to commit rape of an intoxicated or unconscious person, penetr ation of an intoxicated person, and penetration of an unconscious person (Grinberg Shoichet). After trials and hearings, he was proven guilty but received a six month jail sentence rather than the six year sentence that some law officials deemed would have been more suitable for his crime. As the public found out about this, people across the country were voicing their anger towards the lack of justice that they believed this victim received andShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Hooking Up?1070 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is hooking up? According to a study in â€Å"Hooking Up† by Kathleen Bogle, she notes that hooking up is â€Å"when a girl and a guy get together for a physical encounter and don’t necessarily expect anything further† (Bogle 2). Hooking up, which has increased dramatically since the early 2000s, occurs between two young adults, most commonly on college campuses all over the country. 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Why Farts Are Awesome Free Essays

People are too uptight. Or maybe people just don’t realize how funny farting actually is. And by people, I mean the feminine half of the population. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Farts Are Awesome or any similar topic only for you Order Now The difference in opinion between the sexes on the humorous value of a good fart is one of the most telling signs that men are far more evolved than women. Or at least have a better sense of humor. Dammit, farts are funny. So what brought this on, you ask? Well today at work, I had to fart. So naturally I ran over to where one of my coworkers was standing, lifted my leg, scrunched my face up, and let ‘er rip. Apparently, that was rude. Well, excuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuuu uuuuuuuuuuuse me. After I farted on my coworker, every single male working starting laughing their asses off, and the females looked at me as if I’d just committed the most heinous crime one can commit. The manager tried to keep the peace by politely asking me to not fart on people, but it was one of those times where you’re trying to tell somebody not to do something, yet you just can’t stop laughing. I was forced to admit that farting on someone is rude. Yeah, so? It’s also very freakin hilarious. We do it to each other all the time, well, the guys anyway. We’ll run over to each other’s workstations, rip one off, then run away laughing as the other person covers their nose. Then an hour later they’ll get us back. And you know what? It’s damn funny too. So of course when I farted on my coworker people asked me if I would think it’s funny if someone farted on me. Not especially, but it would be damn funny to them, and if they did it to me and didn’t laugh, I’d kick their ass. Of course it isn’t funny if you’re on the receiving end, but it’s comedic gold if you deliver a well-timed stinker to a friend. The humor value of a fart is judged by the level of humor in the eyes of the farter and the third-party audience, if applicable. The fartee’s perspective doesn’t count. That’s the whole point of getting a good laugh at the expense of others. I don’t mind if people get a laugh at my expense. It’s the rules of the game, you live by the sword and die by the sword. I can take a fart from someone else, but you can bet your ass I’ll be delivering one with your name on it. You see, if God didn’t want people to fart on each other, he wouldn’t have made it so funny. God wants us to fart in the funniest manner possible. Usually that involves assaulting the nasal passages of your fellow man. Farting is just funny. I mean think about it, it stinks, it makes a funny noise, and it comes out of your ass, how could it possibly get any funnier than that? As a matter of fact, I challenge you to name five things in life that are funnier than nailing somebody else with a big stinky fart. I don’t think it’s possible. To help all of you appreciate the art of farting a little more, I have taken the liberty of coming up with a few farting tips from a farting pro. If possible, make certain someone else gets the pleasure of smelling your fart. A fart nobody else smells or hears is an opportunity wasted and lost forever. If you have to fart and you’re standing next to someone, bend your ass and â€Å"aim† toward them. This doesn’t really make it any smellier for them, but it adds dramatic effect and makes the experience funnier. If you have to fart, and nobody is standing right next to you, hunt someone down, then lift your leg, scrunch up your face, and let it go. For bonus points, try to corner someone and then fart on them. Also for bonus, get down on your knees as though you’re looking for something on the ground. Ask for help. As soon as the good samaritan gets on their knees to help you, quickly move your ass right up next to their face and let go. When someone is giving their opinion and you have to fart, say â€Å"You know what I think about that? † and then scrunch up your face and fart. When you have to fart and someone is walking in your direction, hold the fart until the are directly behind you, then release. If you’re sitting down when you fart, lift the ass cheek facing the person nearest to you, that way they get the full effect. Upon completion of the fart, say â€Å"aaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh†, as though you’ve just taken an eleven-pound shit. Quickly claim the fart as your own handiwork, especially to those who didn’t hear it. If you don’t tell them, they may never know you just farted. Raise your arms over your head as though you’ve just won the World Heavyweight Title in front of thousands of people. Announce what it was that made you fart. Make sure to use lots of description. Rather than say â€Å"I need to stop eating so much Mexican food†, say â€Å"God damn, those three bean burritos went right through me, I’ll be lucky if I don’t get diarrhea. † Describe to all around you how the fart felt as it came out. For example, was it a wet one? A cheek burner? Did you feel like a giant gas bubble in your stomach popped with the fart’s release? Do you need to go to the restroom just to make sure a little feces didn’t escape as well? Rate the fart. Unless it was a dud, in which case you shouldn’t have done all the buildup. But if it was a good one, talk about what a great fart it was and how you wish you’d had a video camera. How to cite Why Farts Are Awesome, Papers

Napoleon Essay Thesis Example For Students

Napoleon Essay Thesis There are never ending inquiries on the nature of Napoleons power. But reason can prove to one that the Age of Napoleon was in fact a time of democratic rule. Through political, social, and economical reforms, Napoleon Bonaparte did not only transcend France, but he changed the course of history for Europe and the World today, in a positive way. To begin, Napoleon helped France and Europe thorough many political reforms. He created a new constitution. It consisted of three consuls. Napoleon worked really hard to put France back together after the revolution. He allowed all types of political refugees back into France, and also appointed both radical republicans and royalist aristocrats to his government. â€Å"A major obstacle to internal peace was the steady hostility of French Catholics† (Kagan, Ozment, Turner 688). His most peerless act was to allow the Catholic Church back into to France through the concordat with Pope Pius VII. While in rule, he also created The Napoleonic Code.It was a complete revamp of the French law. It was based on two ideas: that all men are equal under the law and all people have a right to property. The code stamped out all privileges from the law including tax laws. The code spelled out various contractual laws to ensure the inviolability of private property. Many people think that what Napoleon was doing was wrong, yet they voted him Napoleon I, Emperor of France in 1804. Napoleon also in all he did abolished feudalism, which was part of the Code. Many countries used a similar code within their own governments. Next, Napoleon helped show the Age of Napoleon as being positive through many economic reforms. To begin, Napoleon reformed the tax structure. The new format exempted no person or persons from paying their taxes because of birth or privilege. Amazingly, people willingly, began to pay their taxes. Napoleon also authorized a central banking system. Because of the new reforms, French industries flourished under the protection of the state. Also, the blockade forced the evolvement of new crops, such as sugar beets and indigo. Napoleon also extended the infrastructure of roads, which were essential for the expansion of national and European markets. Last, Napoleon made his biggest positive impact through his social reforms. As already stated, Napoleon signed The Concordat of 1801 with the Catholic Church, thus disarming the threat of counter-revolution among the catholic peasants. Catholicism did become the preferred religion of France, but most importantly, Napoleon did tolerate other religions. â€Å"The Catholic Church was no longer established- the sole official one† (Connelly 41).Next, one of Napoleons greatest achievements, perhaps, was the Napoleonic Code. United with economic reforms, the Napoleonic Code simplified trade and the expansion of commerce by regularizing contractual relations and preserving property rights and equality before law. Last, Napoleon began to recognize the importance of education in French society. Soon, with educational reforms, Napoleon began to be a patron of the sciences. With the newly developed uniform system of weights and measures, Napoleon felt the need to go further. He founded a system of national education from primary schools through college. Soon, higher education became available in all major cities, and French life began to prosper. Consequently, the political, social, and economical reforms made by Napoleon Bonaparte clearly point to a positive impact on France and Europe. These ambiguities have helped many other countries in Europe be established. They sought the similar effects that Napoleons changes had on France. Many of the programs that he started are still very apparent in the lives of French and Europeans alike. Bibliography:Works Cited Donald Kagen et al., The Western Heritage, vol.2, 6th ed., Prentice Hall, Inc. Owen Connelly, The Epoch of Napoleon, Krieger Publishing Co., Malabar, FL.