Social Media Overview

Social Media Overview Social media has become an important tool in the current society. They provide means through which people can share information in a societal set up with the help of internet connection using such devices as phones and computers. Facebook, YouTube and Tweeter are the three most common types of social media.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Media Overview specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Facebook has attracted massive number of people from all corners of the world. With the increased sophistication in the field of technology, most phones became internet enabled just to allow users to access Facebook. Personal computers also became cheaper. Other social media such of YouTube and Tweeter also became common and very popular. Facebook has the highest number of subscribers of all the social networks. According to Mandiberg (2012), Facebook has attracted massive number of youths, especially given the fact that it allo ws an individual to reach out for friends or family members whose contacts could have disappeared. Facebook is estimated to have a fan base of about one billion people. To be a member, an individual will have to sign up for an account. In most of the cases, one would sign up using the e-mail address. Once an individual has an account, he will need to invite friends who already have accounts with Facebook. This results into a community where information can be shared. A user will have a ‘wall’ in the Facebook. In this wall, an individual can post information that will reach all the confirmed friends. These friends can comment on the communication made by the individual. This media allows users to send and receive messages from ‘friends’ using a specified number of characters. The fact that an individual can chat with two or more friends simultaneously has made it very popular. An individual can also send a message to the intended recipient if the recipient i s not online. Tweeter is another social media that has gained fame in the last half a decade. Just like Facebook, for one to be on Tweeter, he or she will need to sign up. The individual will need to create an account with Tweeter using his or her identifications. After signing up for an account (always starting with @), the individual can invite friends. One can then be free to start tweeting with friends on this site. The messages sent through this site are called tweets. Just like in Facebook, one can only share message on Tweeter with another individual who has a tweeter account. It will therefore, require an individual to have a number of friends signed up on this account in order to make communication possible.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More YouTube is another very popular social media both to firms and general public. Like Facebook, YouTube allows users t o share information online. The main difference between Facebook and YouTube is that through YouTube, an individual can share heavy graphics such as a video (Sterne, 2010). Facebook and Tweeter cannot support audiovisuals. However, YouTube offers its users ability to share or watch video or songs online. YouTube is a little different from both Tweeter and Facebook in its usage. Although one may use YouTube to share a text message, it is always more appropriate for audio visuals. For an individual to share a video through YouTube there will be need for the individual to sign up for an account with YouTube. This is mostly done using the Gmail address. However, once an individual posts a piece of information, it can be accessed by anyone online, including those without an account. If the video is intended for a specific individual, then the recipients will also need to have a YouTube account to receive the specific video. Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media Advantages of Socia l Media The following are some of the advantages of social media. Facebook and Tweeter allow users to share information in form of texts. Through Facebook and Tweeter, one can trace an individual whose contact one had lost. YouTube allows t one to access a video or any information on YouTube without having an account with it. In various countries around the world, YouTube is growing in popularity and this increases the volume of information to be shared. It is advantageous to companies because they can develop television commercials showing the beauty of their products to attract customers as is the case with Coca Cola and Apple. To the youth, YouTube is one of the best sites for entertainment. Disadvantages of Social Media Social media are addictive and can prevent one from performing critical duties in life. The site can be use to defame an individual or a firm, as was the case with Domino’s Pizza. Some of the information on the social sites is corruptive, especially to the minds of youths and children. The Effect of a Person Knowing Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Media It is always important for an individual to know the consequences of an item he or she uses. When an individual knows the advantages and disadvantages of the social media, the main reaction will be discretion. An individual will be discrete with the information he or she releases to the social media because it can easily leak to the public and damage his or her image. References Mandiberg, M. (2012). The social media reader. New York: New York University Press. Sterne, J. (2010). Social media metrics: How to measure and optimize your marketing investment. 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The Best of Tsunami-Resistant Building

The Best of Tsunami-Resistant Building Architects and engineers can design buildings that will stand tall during even the most violent earthquakes. However, a tsunami (pronounced soo-NAH-mee), which is caused by an earthquake, has the power to wash away entire villages. Tragically, no building is tsunami-proof, but some buildings can be designed to resist forceful waves. The challenge of the architect is to design for the event AND design for beauty - the same challenge faced in safe room design. Understanding Tsunamis Tsunamis are usually generated by powerful earthquakes underneath large bodies of water. The seismic event creates a wave that is more complex than when the wind simply blows the waters surface. The wave can travel hundreds of miles an hour until it reaches shallow water and a shoreline. The Japanese word for harbor is tsu and nami means wave. Because Japan is heavily populated, surrounded by water, and in an area of great seismic activity, tsunamis are often associated with this Asian country. They occur, however, all over the world. Historically tsunamis in the United States are most prevalent on the West coast, including California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska and, of course, Hawaii. A tsunami wave will behave differently depending on the underwater terrain surrounding the shoreline (i.e., how deep or shallow the water is from the shoreline). Sometimes the wave will be like a tidal bore or surge, and some tsunamis dont crash onto the shoreline at all like a more familiar, wind-driven wave. Instead, the water level may rise very, very quickly in what is called a wave runup, as if the tide has come in all at once - like a 100 foot high tide surge. Tsunami flooding may travel inland more than 1000 feet, and the rundown creates continued damage as the water quickly retreats back out to sea.   What Causes the Damage? Structures tend to be destroyed by tsunamis because of five general causes. First is the force of the water and high-velocity water flow. Stationary objects (like houses) in the path of the wave will resist the force, and, depending how the structure is constructed, the water will go through or around it. Second, the tidal wave will be dirty, and the impact of debris carried by the forceful water may be what destroys a wall, roof, or piling. Third, this floating debris can be on fire, which is then spread among combustible materials. Fourth, the tsunami rushing onto land and then retreating back to the sea creates unexpected erosion and scour of foundations. Whereas erosion is the general wearing away of the ground surface, scour is more localized  - the type of wearing away you see around piers and piles as water flows around stationary objects. Both erosion and scour compromise a structures foundation. The fifth cause of damage is from the waves wind forces. Guidelines for Design In general, flood loads can be calculated like for any other building, but the scale of a tsunamis intensity make building more complicated. Tsunami flood velocities are said to be highly complex and site-specific. Because of the unique nature of building a tsunami-resistant structure, FEMA has a special publication called Guidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis. Early warning systems and horizontal evacuation have been the main strategy for many years. The current thinking, however, is to design buildings with vertical evacuation areas: ...a building or earthen mound that has sufficient height to elevate evacuees above the level of tsunami inundation, and is designed and constructed with the strength and resiliency needed to resist the effects of tsunami waves.... Individual homeowners as well as communities may take this approach. Vertical evacuation areas can be part of the design of a multi-story building, or it can be a more modest, stand-alone structure for a single purpose. Existing structures such as well-constructed parking garages could be designated vertical evacuation areas. 8 Strategies for Tsunami-Resistant Construction Shrewd engineering combined with a swift, efficient warning system can save thousands of lives. Engineers and other experts suggest these strategies for tsunami-resistant construction: Build structures with reinforced concrete instead of wood, even though wood construction is more resilient to earthquakes. Reinforced concrete or steel-frame structures are recommended for vertical evacuation structures.Mitigate resistance. Design structures to let the water flow through. Build multi-story structures, with the first floor being open (or on stilts) or breakaway so the major force of water can move through. Rising water will do less damage if it can flow underneath the structure. Architect Daniel A. Nelson and Designs Northwest Architects often use this approach in the residences they build on the Washington Coast. Again, this design is contrary to seismic practices, which makes this recommendation complicated and site specific.Construct deep foundations, braced at the footings. A tsunamis force can turn an otherwise solid, concrete building completely on its side.Design with redundancy, so that the structure can experience partial failure (e.g., a destroyed post) with out progressive collapse. As much as possible, leave vegetation and reefs intact. They wont stop tsunami waves, but they can slow them down.Orient the building at an angle to the shoreline. Walls that directly face the ocean will suffer more damage.Use continuous steel framing strong enough to resist hurricane-force winds.Design structural connectors that can absorb stress. Whats the Cost? FEMA estimates that a tsunami-resistant structure, including seismic-resistant and progressive collapse-resistant design features, would experience about a 10 to 20% order-of-magnitude increase in total construction costs over that required for normal-use buildings. This article briefly describes design tactics used for buildings in tsunami-prone coastlines. For details about these and other construction techniques, explore the primary sources. Sources United States Tsunami Warning System, NOAA / National weather Service, tsunami.gov/Erosion, Scour, and Foundation Design, FEMA, January 2009, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1644-20490-8177/757_apd_5_erosionscour.pdfCoastal Construction Manual, Volume II FEMA, 4th edition, August  2011, pp. 8-15, 8-47, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1510-20490-1986/fema55_volii_combined_rev.pdfGuidelines for Design of Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunami, 2nd edition, FEMA P646, April 1, 2012, pp. 1, 16, 35, 55, 111, PDF at https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1426211456953-f02dffee4679d659f62f414639afa806/FEMAP-646_508.pdf  Tsunami-Proof Building by Danbee Kim, http://web.mit.edu/12.000/www/m2009/teams/2/danbee.htm, 2009 [accessed August 13, 2016]The Tech To Make Buildings Earthquake - and Tsunami - Resistant by Andrew Moseman, Popular Mechanics, March 11, 2011How to Make Buildings Safer in Tsunamis by Rollo Reid, Reid Steel